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Tractor means "to pull, to move." But in ancient times, tractors were only used for pulling work. However, developments in production, agriculture and technology and the changing usage area later changed.
What is Tractor?
Today, the definition of the tractor is a treaded or wheeled machine used in agriculture and industrial purposes. A power source is required for the tractor to operate. This power source is usually the internal combustion engine.
Elements of the Tractor
Tractors are machines that consist of many parts. But the basic elements are:
- Engine
- Powertrain
- Clutch
- Moving Parts
- Steering Parts
- Brake Equipment
- Power Output Parts
- Fittings
Tractor Types
Tractors are divided into types according to their usage areas, engine types, walking organs, and power.
Tractors by Area of Use
1-Agricultural Tractors
They are tractors used in the agricultural sector. They are used for different purposes such as pushing, pulling, and digging. The wheels of agricultural tractors are made of rubber and used as such.
Agricultural tractors are also divided into different categories within themselves. These are:
- Rear Wheel Drive
- Four Wheel Drive
- Manual Tractor
2-Industry Tractors
In industry, tractors are used for:
- Transporting goods,
- In warehouses and docks to place a certain goods.
3-Special Tractors
Such tractors are generally used in construction sites. Special tractors are frequently preferred by companies as they make the job easier.
Tractor Classification by Engine Type
1- Otto Motor
Tractors with this type of engine are tractors that can be operated using light fuel oil. Gasoline can be thought of as a light fuel oil.
2- Diesel Engine
Tractors with this type of engine are tractors that can be operated using heavy fuel oil.
Classification of Tractors by Moving Parts
The moving parts indicate which part the tractor makes contact with the ground:
- Crawler Tractor
- Wheeled Tractor
Crawler Tractor
A crawler tractor is more advantageous on soils than a conventional wheeled tractor. Because while the traction force is higher, the probability of skidding is less compared to the wheel. For this reason, the probability of materials such as soil and stone getting stuck on the wheel is also very low. At the same time, the crawler tractor can be used in all conditions, regardless of soil type.
Wheeled Tractor
Wheeled tractors are divided into four different subgroups:
- Single Wheel Tractors: Single wheel tractors had small engine power. However, they have a strong structure. The wheel used is driven. It also has no differential. Instead, steering is provided with the help of the levers on the tractor.
- Two-Wheel Tractors: Two-wheeled tractors are the most preferred tractor type after four-wheeled tractors, as they are both more convenient than four-wheeled tractors and have a simpler structure of use. Also known as one axle tractors.
- Three-Wheel Tractors: The areas of use and application forms are changing. Drive wheels are often used at the rear and a rudder wheel at the front.
- Four-Wheel Tractors: It is the type of tractor that is frequently preferred and widely used today. Also known as two-axle tractors.
Tractor Classification According to Power
The OECD makes the classification according to the power sizes of the tractors. The classification according to OECD is as follows:
Two-Wheel Tractors
- Up to 5 horsepower
- More than 5 horsepower
Tractors With More Than Two Wheels
- Up to 10 horsepower
- 11-24 horsepower
- 25 – 34 horsepower
- 35 – 50 horsepower
- 50 or more horsepower
Crawler Tractor
- Up to 25 horsepower
- 26 – 40 horsepower
- 41 – 80 horsepower
- 80 or more horsepower
