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The increasing diversification of the agricultural sector has naturally led to an increase in the need for agricultural machinery. Along with technology, equipment such as agricultural machinery, automatic and auxiliary agricultural machinery, agricultural tools have been developed and the agricultural industry has been ensured to be sustainable. Agricultural machines differ according to their intended use and areas. Thanks to these machines, which facilitate agriculture, production has become much easier.
What are Agricultural Machinery?
Machinery used in agriculture is examined in two categories. These are:
- Power Machines
- Work Machines
Power Machines: They are machines that convert natural or chemical energy into mechanical energy. Internal combustion engines, tractors, wind turbines are examples of power machines.
Work Machines: The machines that work with the energy taken from the force machine are called work machines. Machines such as a combine harvester, sprayer or plow can be given as examples of work machines.
Tools such as pickaxes and shovels other than the machines mentioned are called agricultural tools.
What Are The Frequently Used Agricultural Machines?
The machines used differ according to the region of agriculture and production area. However, in general, frequently used agricultural machines are as follows:
Tractor
Tractor is the basis of agricultural activities. Machines such as plows and fertilisers need tractors to get used to them. At the same time, tractors with trailers are also used to transport loads.
Tractor can be defined as a land vehicle with a self-propelled engine that attracts agricultural implements used in:
- In the fields,
- In the gardens,
- In the vineyards,
- In the parks
Locomobiles are considered to be the first pioneers of tractors. The first tractor with an internal combustion engine was produced in 1892 by John Froehlich.
Reaper
The reaper, which is among the most used machines, provides easy harvesting of the grain. Because the reaper mows the grain in the field, sheaves and heaps.
Baler
It is the machine used by the farmers to tie the straw. It mows grains such as wheat, alfalfa, millet and at the same time binds the straw of these grains and turns them into rectangular prisms. The weight of this bale varies between 25 - 30kg.
This machine facilitates transport and storage. At the same time, it saves time for the farmer and is less costly compared to manpower.
Harvester
Combine harvesters are machines that enable the harvesting of the soil and the threshing process at the same time. It is among the most commonly used agricultural machinery.
The combine was invented in Michigan by A. Y. Moore in 1835. A. Y. Moore aimed to combine harvesting operations such as mowing, forging, threshing and cleaning in a single machine. Therefore, combines are versatile machines.
The first harvester machines were drawn by animals. However, at the end of the 18th century, steam powered machines began to be used.
Hoeing machine
Some plants such as corn, sunflower and tomato need to be planted at certain intervals. At this point, the hoeing machine offers serious advantages in the cultivation of such plants. At the same time, it is possible to ventilate the soil and remove weeds with the caga machine.
Threshing Machine
They are machines that allow harvested agricultural products such as chickpeas, beans and grains to be separated from their shells by rubbing or forging methods.
Plow
This machine provides cutting and aeration and overturning of hardened soil. In this way, the soil is cleared of weeds. In addition, thanks to the plow, it is ensured that the manure laid on the soil is mixed with the soil.
Soil Mill
The soil mill, which is among the agricultural machinery, ensures the cultivation of the soil. Therefore, it has moving parts. It crumbles the soil and aerates it at the same time. Therefore, it is used to make the soil ready for planting.
Silage Machine
These are the machines that enable the green and juicy plants such as corn or alfalfa used as fodder to be crushed and transferred to the storage area.
